Pakistan’s Major Reservoirs Reach Dead Levels – Severe Water Shortage Worsens

Pakistan is facing an unprecedented water crisis as its major reservoirs, including Tarbela Dam, Mangla Dam, and Chashma Barrage, have reached dead levels. The persistent drought and lack of rainfall have significantly reduced the country’s water supply, affecting energy production and agricultural output. With water scarcity worsening, urgent action is needed to prevent an economic and humanitarian disaster.

Current Water Levels in Major Reservoirs

The latest data from WAPDA (Water and Power Development Authority) paints a dire picture:

• Tarbela Dam: Water level has dropped to 1,402 feet, which is its dead level.
• Mangla Dam: Currently at its dead level of 1,054 feet, holding only 77,000 acre-feet of water.
• Chashma Barrage: Water level at 638 feet, with only 9,000 acre-feet of usable water.
• Total water storage across all reservoirs stands at just 86,000 acre-feet, a dangerously low figure.

Current Water Inflows and Outflows

• Tarbela Dam: Inflow 18,300 cusecs, Outflow 20,000 cusecs
• Mangla Dam: Inflow 23,200 cusecs, Outflow 20,400 cusecs
• Chashma Barrage: Inflow 30,100 cusecs, Outflow 27,000 cusecs

With outflows exceeding inflows in key reservoirs, water levels are expected to remain critical in the coming weeks.

Impact on Hydropower Generation

Pakistan heavily relies on hydropower, with a total installed capacity of 10,000 MW. However, due to declining water levels, current electricity generation has plummeted to just 1,000 MW, causing an energy shortfall.

Hydropower Production Breakdown

• Tarbela Dam: 16 out of 17 power units shut down, producing only 350 MW.
• Ghazi Barotha: Generating 400 MW.
• Warsak: Producing just 60 MW.
• Other sources: Contributing only 240 MW.

This drastic reduction in hydropower output has increased the country’s reliance on expensive fossil fuels, worsening the economic strain.

Implications for Agriculture and Daily Life

The water crisis is not just an energy problem—it is a threat to food security. Agriculture, which accounts for over 19% of Pakistan’s GDP and employs 38% of the workforce, is particularly vulnerable. Farmers are struggling to irrigate crops, which could lead to lower yields of wheat, rice, and sugarcane—Pakistan’s staple crops.

Potential Consequences

• Reduced Crop Production: Shortages of irrigation water may lead to food inflation.
• Drinking Water Scarcity: Cities and rural areas alike are experiencing lower water availability.
• Health Issues: Poor water quality and scarcity can lead to waterborne diseases.
• Energy Shortages: Further load-shedding and power outages are expected.

Expert Warnings and Possible Solutions

Experts Warn of a Growing Crisis

Hydrologists and environmentalists are raising alarms, urging the government to take immediate steps to manage water resources efficiently. Without intervention, Pakistan could face a severe water famine in the coming years.

Proposed Solutions

• Efficient Water Management: Implementing smart irrigation techniques to minimize water wastage.
• Dams and Storage Facilities: Expediting the construction of Diamer-Bhasha Dam and Mohmand Dam.
• Desalination Plants: Setting up seawater desalination plants for coastal cities.
• Public Awareness Campaigns: Encouraging water conservation at both domestic and industrial levels.

Conclusion

The water crisis in Pakistan is a growing emergency that demands immediate attention. With major reservoirs at dead levels and hydropower generation at a historic low, the country is facing significant electricity shortages, agricultural disruptions, and potential economic turmoil. Proactive water management policies, infrastructure development, and public awareness campaigns are crucial to mitigating this crisis.

For further updates on Pakistan’s water and energy challenges, check out our latest articles on climate change impact and sustainable solutions.

External Sources:

• Pakistan Water & Power Development Authority (WAPDA)
• Ministry of Water Resources – Pakistan